The Evolution of Environmental Conservation: From Industrial Revolution to ESG
By Prof: Hemanthi Ranasinghe
The story of environmental conservation is deeply intertwined with the history of human progress. The Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, marked a significant turning point in humanity’s relationship with the natural world. While it brought unprecedented economic growth and technological advancements, it also initiated a profound imbalance in the Earth’s ecosystems.
As factories sprouted and cities expanded, the needs and wants of human civilization began to overshadow the delicate balance of nature. Forests were cleared, rivers polluted, and air quality deteriorated. The flora and fauna that had thrived for millennia found themselves increasingly marginalized, struggling to survive in a rapidly changing world. This period of unchecked growth and resource exploitation continued well into the 20th century, with little regard for the long-term consequences on our planet’s health.
However, as the environmental toll became increasingly apparent, a global awakening began to take shape. In 1972, the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (UNCHE) in Stockholm marked a watershed moment. For the first time, countries came together on a global scale to address environmental concerns collectively. This conference laid the groundwork for future international cooperation on environmental issues.
The concept of sustainable development gained prominence with the publication of the Brundtland Report in 1987. Titled “Our Common Future,” this report defined sustainable development as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This definition became a cornerstone of environmental policy and thinking in the years to come.
Another pivotal moment came in 1992 with the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro. This conference resulted in three major conventions:
1. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
2. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
3. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
These conventions addressed the critical issues of climate change, biodiversity loss, and desertification, respectively, providing frameworks for international cooperation and action.
From these foundations, the concept of “green” practices and sustainability has evolved and permeated virtually every aspect of human activity. Today, environmental considerations are integral to urban planning, industrial processes, consumer products, and even financial investments.
One of the most significant developments in recent years has been the rise of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria. ESG has become a framework for evaluating the sustainability and ethical impact of an investment in a company or business. It encourages all entities, whether in manufacturing or services, to consider their environmental footprint, social responsibility, and governance practices.
In the context of the rubber and plastic industry, green concepts have taken on particular importance. These industries, historically associated with environmental concerns, are now at the forefront of developing sustainable practices. Green supply chains, which aim to minimize environmental impact at every stage of production and distribution, have become a key focus.
The industry is also embracing the concept of waste reduction, which has evolved from the original 3R concept (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) to a more comprehensive 7R approach:
1. Rethink: Considering the necessity and environmental impact of products before creation.
2. Refuse: Declining to use unnecessary products or packaging.
3. Reduce: Minimizing resource use and waste generation.
4. Reuse: Using items multiple times before discarding.
5. Repair: Fixing and maintaining products to extend their lifespan.
6. Regift: Passing on unwanted items to others who can use them.
7. Recycle: Converting waste materials into new products.
It is encouraging to see these concepts being introduced in primary school curricula, fostering environmental awareness from an early age. This educational approach contrasts sharply with previous generations, where such ideas were rarely, if ever, discussed in classrooms.
As we move forward, it is crucial that we not only implement these practices in our industries and institutions but also incorporate them into our personal lifestyles. The challenge of environmental conservation is not just a matter for governments and corporations; it requires commitment and action from every individual.
We must remember that we are custodians of this planet, entrusted with the responsibility of preserving its wonders for future generations. This involves not only reducing waste and pollution but also using resources, including energy, optimally. Our focus must extend throughout the entire life cycle of products and services.
In the polymer industry, emerging innovations are providing new opportunities for sustainability. Green raw materials and energy-efficient processes are being developed and implemented, offering solutions to some of the industry’s most pressing environmental concerns.
As we continue to evolve our understanding and practices around environmental conservation, let us hope that the habits and mindsets we cultivate today will lead to a more sustainable and balanced future – one where human progress and the health of our planet are no longer at odds, but in harmony.